Microbubble array for on-chip worm processing

We present an acoustic non-contact technique for achieving trapping, enrichment, and manipulation of Caenorhabditis elegans using an array of oscillating microbubbles. We characterize the trapping efficiency and enrichment ratio under various flow conditions, and demonstrate a single-worm manipulation mechanism through temporal actuation of bubbles. The reason for oscillating bubbles being versatile in processing worms in a microfluidic environment is due to the complex interactions among acoustic field, microbubbles, fluid flow, and live animals. We explain the operating mechanisms used in our device by the interplay among secondary acoustic radiation force, drag force, and the propulsive force of C. elegans. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4788677]