Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages 533-546Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.001
Keywords
addiction; animal models; drug abuse; estrogen; gender; ovarian hormones; progesterone; self-administration; sex differences; treatment
Categories
Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [F31 AA005575] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [K05 DA15267, R01 DA02486, R37 DA03240, F31 DA14161] Funding Source: Medline
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Clinical and preclinical findings indicate that males and females differ on several aspects of drug reinforcement. Females are more vulnerable than males during transition periods of drug use that are characteristic of drug addiction and relapse. Females are also more sensitive than males to the reinforcing effects of stimulants. It has been suggested that ovarian hormones contribute to the mechanisms of action underlying these sex differences. This review examines the preclinical literature on sex differences and ovarian hormonal influences on drug self-administration in animals. It summarizes the findings on the effects of these variables during different phases of drug addiction. Possible differences in the mechanisms of action of drugs of abuse due to interactions with sex differences or ovarian hormonal factors are considered. The animal literature on sex differences in drug abuse treatment effectiveness is also discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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