Organoborane coupling reactions (Suzuki coupling)

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between different types of organoboron 3 compounds with sp(2)-, sp(3)-, and sp-hybridized carbon-boron compounds and various organic electrophiles in the presence of base provides a powerful and useful synthetic methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The coupling reaction offers several advantages: (1) Availability of reactants (2) Mild reaction conditions (3) Water stability (4) Easy use of the reaction both in aqueous and heterogeneous conditions (5) Tolerance of a broad range of functional groups (6) High regio- and stereoselectivity (7) Insignificant effect toward steric hindrance (8) Use of very small amounts of catalysts (9) Utilization as one-pot synthesis (10) Non-toxic reaction.