Hymenoptera venom protease allergens

Background: Recent studies have shown the presence of additional allergenic proteins in honeybee and paper wasp venoms. Both venoms contain serine protease enzymes. Objective: We isolated and obtained complete sequences of honeybee and Mediterranean paper wasp venom proteases, both of which have significant IgE binding activity. The structures are compared with bumblebee venom protease. Methods: Venom proteases were chromatographically isolated from venoms and partial amino acid sequences determined. RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods were used to clone cDNA, and complete sequences were determined for honeybee and a paper wasp venom protease. Results: The venom proteases are all serine proteases of the trypsin type. The honeybee protease contains a complement, embryonic sea urchin protein, bone morphogenetic protein interaction domain as well as a linker and propeptide sequence, and a unique methionine residue near the active site. It has IgE binding activity. The paper wasp protease is a single trypsin domain and is an important allergen. The framework residues are poorly conserved among honeybee, bumblebee, and paper wasp enzymes. Conclusions: The 3 venom serine proteases have significant IgE binding activities. The structures are poorly conserved even among the Apidae, suggesting little cross-reactivity among the protein portions. The paper wasp venom proteases are important allergens.