Journal
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
Volume 18, Issue 14, Pages 2727-2736Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.5578
Keywords
nutrient budget; soil nitrogen dynamics; acid buffering; pine wilt disease; hydrological mixing; groundwater contamination
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Changes in nutrient budgets and hydrological processes due to the natural disturbance of pine wilt disease (PWD) were monitored in a small, forested watershed in Japan. The disturbance caused changes in soil nitrogen transformations. Pre-disturbance, mineralized nitrogen remained in the form of NH4+, whereas in disturbed areas most mineralized nitrogen was nitrified. Stream NO3- concentrations increased following PWD. There was a delay between time of disturbance and the increase of NO3- in ground and stream waters. Stream concentrations of NO3- and cations (Ca2+ + Mg2+) were significantly correlated from 1994 to 1996, whereas the correlation among NO3-, H+, and SO42- was significant only in 1995. Although both cation exchange and SO42- adsorption buffered protons, cation exchange was the dominant and continuous mechanism for acid buffering. SO42- adsorption was variable and highly pH dependent. The disturbance also resulted in slight delayed changes of input-output nutrient balances. The nitrogen contribution to PWD litter inputs was 7.39 kmol ha(-1), and nitrogen loss from streamwater was less than 0.5 kmol ha(-1) year(-1) throughout the observation period. This large discrepancy suggested substantial nitrogen immobilization. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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