Semi-empirical equations for residence time distributions in disperse systems - Part 1: Continuous phase

Residence time distributions (RTD) are often described on the basis of the dispersion or the tanks in series models, whereby the fitting is not always good. In addition, the underlying ideas of these models only roughly characterize the real existing processes. Two semi-empirical equations are presented based on characteristic parameters (mean, minimum, maximum residence time) and on an empirical exponent to permit better fitting. The determination of the parameters and their influence on. the RTD are discussed. The usefulness of the models is shown in this first part for single-phase systems and for the continuous phase of multiphase systems using data from literature for laminar and turbulent flows in different apparatuses. A comparison with the results of other models is also done.