Journal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 56, Issue 9, Pages 640-650Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.022
Keywords
depression; glia; hippocampus; pyramidal neurons
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017701, P20 RR017701-057302, P20 RR017701-039007, P20 RR17701] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [MH67996, R01 MH063187, P50 MH060451-03, MH63187, R01 MH061578-02, MH61578, R01 MH067996, R01 MH067996-03S1, R01 MH063187-03, R01 MH061578, MH60451, P50 MH060451] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: Imaging studies report that hippocampal volume is decreased in major depressive disorder (MDD). A cellular basis for reduced hippocampal volume in MDD has not been identified. Methods: Sections of right hippocampus were collected in 19 subjects with MDD and 21 normal control subjects. The density of pyramidal neurons, dentate granule cell neurons, glia, and the size of the neuronal somal area were measured in systematic, randomly placed three-dimensional optical disector counting boxes. Results: In MDD, cryostat-cut hippocampal sections shrink? in depth a significant 18% greater amount than in control subjects. The density of granule cells and glia in the dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons and glia in all cornv ammonis (CA)/hippocampal subfields is significantly increased by 30%-35% in MDD. The average soma size of pyramidal neurons is significantly decreased in MDD. Conclusion: In MDD, the packing density of glia, pyramidal neurons, and granule cell neurons is significantly increased in all hippocampal subfields and the dentate gyrus, and pyramidal neuron soma size is significantly decreased as well. It is suggested that a significant reduction in neuropil in MDD may account for decreased hippocampal volume detected by neuroimaging. In addition, differential shrinkage of frozen sections of the hippocampus suggests differential water content in hippocampus in MDD.
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