Conspecificity of the cerulenin and helvolic acid producing 'Cephalosporium caerulens', and the hypocrealean fungus Sarocladium oryzae

Fermentation processes for the biochemical reagents cerulenin and helvolic acid employ 'Cephalosporiun? caerulens,' an invalidly published designation that has been used for more than 40 years. However, its identity has never been critically examined because strains were unavailable from major culture collections. An authentic strain of 'C. caerulens', derived from the original strain KF-140, was recently found and compared to Sarocladium? oryzae, another Acrenionium-like fungus which also produces cerulenin and helvolic acid. Morphological comparisons, rDNA sequence data, and chromatography of secondary metabolites established that 'C. caerulens' and S. oryzae are conspecific. Sequence data from ribosomal DNA genes indicated S. oryzae belongs to the Hypocreales and is allied with members of the Ceralostomataceae, Scopinella species, Emericellopsis species and certain Acreinonium-like anamorphs of uncertain familial relationships. At least two of the isolates of S. oryzae produced titres of cerulenin and helvolic acid similar to those of KF-140. This finding demonstrates that manufacture of cerulenin need not be limited to the original strain.