Hydrothermal synthesis of ordered single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays on different substrates

We report the mild hydrothermal synthesis of single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs). The method reported here shows great versatility and can be used to grow TiO2 NRAs on a large diversity of substrates including Si, Si/SiO2, sapphire, Si pillars, and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-covered glass. The average diameter and length of the nanorods prepared at typical conditions are similar to 60 nm and 400 nm, respectively. Dye-sensitized solar cells assembled with the TiO2 NRAs grown on the FTO-covered glass as photoanode were prepared with a photoconversion efficiency of similar to 1.10%. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3442913]