Klein tunneling and zitterbewegung and the formation of a polarized p-n junction in graphene

The Klein tunneling of charge pairs in an electrostatically created p-n junction of monolayer graphene is shown to occur at an observable rate for moderate fields. The pairs undergo zitterbewegung (ZBW) in opposite directions leading to their separation and transverse dipole moment, since the valleys contribute constructively. The dipole moment depends critically on the exponential collimation characteristic of Klein tunneling and serves as a diagnostic signature of ZBW. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3467675]