Journal
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 94, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.3020720
Keywords
electrochemical electrodes; electrokinetic effects; electrophoresis; osmosis
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Two ac polarization mechanisms, charge accumulation due to electrode double layer charging and bulk permittivity/conductivity gradients generated by Joule heating, are combined in the double layer by introducing zwitterions to produce a new ac electrokinetic pump with the largest velocity (>1 mm/s) and flow penetration depth (100 mu m) reported for low-conductivity fluids. The large fluid velocity is due to a quartic scaling with respect to voltage, as is true of electrothermal flow, but exhibits a clear maximum at a frequency corresponding to the electrode double layer inverse RC time.
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