Journal
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 1251-1259Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ni1135
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL67664] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI35714, AI38310, AI44432, AI20047] Funding Source: Medline
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Helper T cell differentiation involves silencing as well as activation of gene expression. We have identified a conserved silencer of the gene encoding interleukin 4 (Il4) marked by DNase I hypersensitivity (HS IV) and permissive chromatin structure in all helper T cells. Deletion of HS IV increased Il4 and Il13 transcription by naive T cells and led to T helper type 2 skewing in vitro. HS IV controlled Il4 silencing during T helper type 1 differentiation, as HS IV-deficient T helper type 1 cells that expressed interferon-gamma also produced abundant interleukin 4 in vitro and in vivo. Despite mounting a vigorous interferon-gamma response, HS IV-deficient mice were more susceptible to Leishmania major infection than were wild-type littermate control mice, showing a critical function for Il4 silencing in T helper type 1-mediated immunity.
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