Journal
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 94, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.3069140
Keywords
chromium; fluorescence; metal-insulator transition; percolation; strontium compounds; vacancies (crystal); X-ray fluorescence analysis
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Spatially resolved x-ray fluorescence maps are presented that show the introduction and the evolution of oxygen vacancies in chromium-doped strontium titanate during an electric-field-driven insulator-to-metal transition. The vacancies are introduced at the anode and diffuse through the crystal toward the cathode. The spatial distribution of vacancies is explained by a model describing the electrical breakdown as a percolation process. Strong differences in the vacancy distribution were found when the transition took place in air and in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere. In air, the vacancies disappeared from the surface, whereas in the reducing hydrogen atmosphere, they remained at the surface.
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