Journal
INFLAMMATION
Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages 345-353Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10753-004-6645-8
Keywords
EPEC; iNOS; nitric oxide; outer membrane protein; NF-kappa B; MAP kinase
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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infects the human intestinal epithelium and is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important modulator of intestinal inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether EPEC outer membrane proteins (OMPs) up regulate epithelial cell expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and to examine the role of NF-kappa B and MAP kinases (MAPK) on nitrite production. iNOS mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Nitrite levels were measured by Griess reaction. NF-kappa B activation by OMPs was evaluated by EMSA and immunoblotting was done to detect MAPK activation. EPEC OMP up regulated iNOS, induced nitrite production and NF-kappa B and MAPK were activated in caco-2 cells. The nitrite levels decreased when NF-kappa B and MAPK inhibitors were used. Thus, EPEC OMPs induce iNOS expression and NO production through activation of NF-kappa B and MAPK.
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