Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION
Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 588S-595SPublisher
AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719428
Keywords
maternal diet; developmental origins of disease; or developmental origins; cardiovascular disease; low birthweight
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Low birthweight is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes. These associations have been extensively replicated in studies in different countries and are not the result of confounding variables. They extend across the normal range of birthweight and depend on lower birthweights in relation to the duration of gestation rather than the effects of premature birth. The associations are thought to be consequences of developmental plasticity, the phenomenon by which one genotype can give rise to a range of different physiological or morphological states in response to different environmental conditions during development. Recent observations have shown that impaired growth in infancy and rapid childhood weight gain exacerbate the effects of impaired prenatal growth. A new vision of optimal early human development is emerging which takes account of both short and long-term outcomes.
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