Journal
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 139, Issue 4, Pages 231-238Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2004.11.005
Keywords
algae; cyanobacteria; freshwater; Lyngbya; cytotoxic; antimicrobial; Artemia; ichthyotoxic; zebrafish; Everglades
Funding
- NIEHS NIH HHS [S11 ES011181-029001, S11 ES011181-02, F32 ES005705, S11 ES011181, S11 ES011181-03, S11 ES011181-019001, P30 ES005705, S11 ES11181, ES 05705] Funding Source: Medline
- PHS HHS [P20 R15569] Funding Source: Medline
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The genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, Lyngbya, has been found to be a rich source of bioactive metabolites. However, identification of such compounds from Lyngbya has largely focused on a few marine representatives. Here, we report on the pharmacology and toxicology of pahayokolide A from a freshwater isolate, Lyngbya sp. strain 15-2, from the Florida Everglades. Specifically, we investigated inhibition of microbial representatives and mammalian cell lines, as well as toxicity of the compound to both invertebrate and vertebrate models. Pahayokolide A inhibited representatives of Bacillus, as well as the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interestingly, the compound also inhibited several representatives of green algae that were also isolated from the Everglades. Pahayokolide A was shown to inhibit a number of cancer cell lines over a range of concentrations (IC50 varied from 2.13 to 44.57 muM) depending on the cell-type. When tested against brine shrimp, pahayokolide was only marginally toxic at the highest concentrations tested (1 mg/mL). The compound was, however, acutely toxic to zebrafish embryos (LC50=2.15 muM). Possible biomedical and environmental health aspects of the pahayokolides remain to be investigated; however, the identification of bioactive metabolites such as these demonstrates the potential of the Florida Everglades as source of new toxins and drugs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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