Journal
ULTRAMICROSCOPY
Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 37-49Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.08.004
Keywords
transmission electron microscopy; transport of intensity technique; phase retrieval; electron holography
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The Transport of Intensity technique is becoming a viable alternative to electron holography for phase retrieval in Transmission Electron Microscopy. However, several issues are still to be clarified in order to ascertain the applicability of the technique; among them, the controversy regarding its geometrical or wave-optical nature, as related to the phase detection limit. We show here that the Transport of Intensity is a wave-optical technique that works in a special regime of small defocus where the image intensity is linear with the defocus parameter. By a simple analytical example we show that the Transport of Intensity correctly reconstructs the electron optical phase shift even when the phase is smaller than pi, a value defining the boundary between the geometrical and wave approaches. Another example is given, the reconstruction of a phase jump, accompanied with experimental support showing that phase retrieval by Electron Holography and Transport of Intensity techniques yields results in good agreement. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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