Journal
GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 4, Pages 401-414Publisher
WILEY-LISS
DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20047
Keywords
gene association studies; two-stage designs; single nucleotide polymorphisms; tag SNPs
Funding
- NHGRI NIH HHS [P50-HG002790] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30ES07048] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58897] Funding Source: Medline
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We consider two-stage case-control designs for testing associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease, in which a subsample of subjects is used to select a panel of tagging SNPs that will be considered in the main study. We propose a pseudolikelihood [Pepe and Flemming, 1991: JASA 86:108-113] that combines the information from both the main study and the substudy to test the association with any polymorphism in the original set. SNP-tagging [Chapman et al., 2003: Hum Hered 56:18-31] and haplotype-tagging [Stram et al., 2003a; Hum Hered 55:27-36] approaches are compared. We show that the cost-efficiency of such a design for estimating the relative risk associated with the causal polymorphism can be considerably better than for a single-stage design, even if the causal polymorphism is not included in the tag-SNP set. We also consider the optimal selection of cases and controls in such designs and the relative efficiency for estimating the location of a causal variant in linkage disequilibrium mapping. Nevertheless, as the cost of high-volume genotyping plummets and haplotype tagging information from the International HapMap project [Gibbs et al., 2003; Nature 426:789-796] rapidly accumulates in public databases, such two-stage designs may soon become unnecessary. Genet, Epidemiol. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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