Journal
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 93, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.3037220
Keywords
dielectric polarisation; ferroelectric ceramics; ferroelectric transitions; flexoelectricity; grain boundaries; permittivity; piezoceramics; strontium compounds; vacancies (crystal)
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Funding
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/FIS/81442/2006]
- Czech Republic [202/06/P219]
- Czech Academy of Sciences [AVOZ 10100520]
- Agilent-CICECO PFM laboratory
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/FIS/81442/2006] Funding Source: FCT
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SrTiO3 ceramics are investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy. Piezoelectric contrast is observed on polished surfaces in both vertical and lateral regimes and depends on the grain orientation varying in both sign (polarization direction) and amplitude. The observed contrast is attested to the surface piezoelectricity due to the flexoelectric effect (strain gradient-induced polarization) caused by the surface relaxation. The estimated flexoelectric coefficient is approximately one order of magnitude smaller as compared to that recently measured in SrTiO3 single crystals. The observed enhancement of piezoresponse signal at the grain boundaries is explained by the dipole moments associated with inhomogeneous distribution of oxygen vacancies.
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