Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 93, Issue 25, Pages -Publisher
AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.254501
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A liquid jet plunging into a container of liquid often entrains a thin film of air with it, producing bubbles. This bubble production is detrimental to many industrial processes, such as filling a container with a molten glass or polymer, or in coating processes. Conversely, in making a foam, one uses this effect; hence it is important to control the rate of bubble production. Here, we measure the amount of air entrained by a viscous jet over a wide range of parameters and explain the phenomenon theoretically. Simple scaling arguments are shown to predict entrainment rates over 4 orders of magnitude in the dimensionless jet speed.
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