Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages 372-383Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4035-04.2005
Keywords
cortex; GABA; GAD; in situ hybridization; parvalbumin; postmortem; trkB hypomorphic
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Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [R37 MH043784, MH45156, R01 MH043784, P50 MH045156, MH43784] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [P01 NS016033, NS16033] Funding Source: Medline
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Dysfunction of inhibitory neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), represented by decreased expression of GABA-related genes such as the 67 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD(67)) and parvalbumin (PV), appears to contribute to cognitive deficits in subjects with schizophrenia. We investigated the involvement of signaling mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB in producing the altered GABA-related gene expression in schizophrenia. In 15 pairs of subjects with schizophrenia and matched control subjects, both BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels, as assessed by in situ hybridization, were significantly decreased in the PFC of the subjects with schizophrenia, whereas the levels of mRNA encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase for neurotrophin-3, TrkC, were unchanged. In this cohort, within-pair changes in TrkB mRNA levels were significantly correlated with those in both GAD(67) and PV mRNA levels. Decreased BDNF, TrkB, and GAD(67) mRNA levels were replicated in a second cohort of 12 subject pairs. In the combined cohorts, the correlation between within-pair changes in TrkB and GAD(67) mRNA levels was significantly stronger than the correlation between the changes in BDNF and GAD(67) mRNA levels. Neither BDNF nor TrkB mRNA levels were changed in the PFC of monkeys after a long-term exposure to haloperidol. Genetically introduced decreases in TrkB expression, but not in BDNF expression, also resulted in decreased GAD(67) and PV mRNA levels in the PFC of adult mice; in addition, the cellular pattern of altered GAD(67) mRNA expression paralleled that present in schizophrenia. Decreased TrkB signaling appears to underlie the dysfunction of inhibitory neurons in the PFC of subjects with schizophrenia.
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