Arginine methyltransferase CARM1 is a promoter-specific regulator of NF-κB-dependent gene expression

Nuclear factor kappaB ( NF-kappaB) plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in inflammation and cell survival. Here, we show that coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase CARM1/ PRMT4 is a novel transcriptional coactivator of NF-kappaB and functions as a promoter- specific regulator of NF-kappaB recruitment to chromatin. Carm1 knockout cells showed impaired expression of a subset of NF-kappaB- dependent genes upon TNFalpha or LPS stimulation. CARM1 forms a complex with p300 and NF-kappaB in vivo and interacts directly with the NF-kappaB subunit p65 in vitro. CARM1 seems to act in a gene-specific manner mainly by enhancing NF-kappaB recruitment to cognate sites. Moreover, CARM1 synergistically coactivates NF-kappaB- mediated transactivation, in concert with the transcriptional coactivators p300/ CREB- binding protein and the p160 family of steroid receptor coactivators. For at least a subset of CARM1- dependent NF-kappaB target genes, the enzymatic activities of both CARM1 and p300 are necessary for the observed synergy between CARM1 and p300. Our results suggest that the cooperative action between protein arginine methyltransferases and protein lysine acetyltransferases regulates NF-kappaB- dependent gene activation in vivo.