Journal
MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS
Volume 48, Issue 2-5, Pages 47-189Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2004.12.001
Keywords
field emission; cold cathode; field-emitter array; diamond film; carbon nanotube; one-dimensional nanomaterial; composite emitter; field emission display
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Field emission (FE) is based on the physical phenomenon of quantum tunneling, in which electrons are injected from the surface of materials into vacuum under the influence of an applied electric field. A variety of field emission cold cathode materials have been developed to date. In this review, we shall focus on several kinds of novel cold cathode materials that have been developed in the past decade. These include materials for microfabricated field-emitter arrays, diamond and related films, carbon nanotubes, other quasi one-dimensional nanomaterials and printable composite materials. In addition, cold cathode materials have a wide range of applications such as in flat panel displays, high-power vacuum electronic devices, microwave-generation devices, vacuum microelectronic devices and vacuum nanoelectronic devices. Applications are in consumer goods, military industries and also space technology. A comprehensive overview of the various applications is presented. Recently, recognizing the strong possibility that vacuum nanoelectronic devices using quasi one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes may emit electrons with driving voltages comparable to that of a solid-state device, there is a growing interest in novel applications of such devices. With such exciting opportunities, there is now a flurry of activities to explore applications far beyond those considered for the conventional hot cathodes that operate on thermionic emission. We shall discuss the details of a number of fascinating potential applications. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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