Piglets born after non-surgical deep intrauterine transfer of vitrified blastocysts in gilts

The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effect of the number of previous estrus of recipient gilts on effectiveness of intrauterine insertion of a flexible catheter designed for non-surgical deep intrauterine catheterization during diestrus in pigs; and (2) to determine the farrowing rate and the litter size after non-surgical deep intrauterine embryo transfer (ET) of porcine blastocysts vitrified by the open pulled straw (OPS) method. In experiment 1, 27 large white hyperprolific gilts (LWh) with 2-6 previous estrus were used. Intrauterine insertions of the flexible catheter were carried out at day 5.5-6 of the estrous cycle (D0 = onset of estrus). During insertions, no or only moderate reactions were observed in 88.9% of gilts and was not related (P > 0.05) to the number of estrus prior to the insertion periods. The number of the estrus had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the difficulties found during the procedure. In the 100% of gilts with two estrus (N = 6) it was not possible to insert the flexible catheter through the cervix. In gilts with three or more estrus, it was possible to pass the cervix and to progress along a uterine horn in 80.9% of the cases. In 86.7% of the gilts, the tip of the flexible catheter achieved the second or third quarter of the uterine horn. In experiment 2, following non-surgical deep intrauterine transfer of 20 vitrified/warmed blastocysts, 9 Meishan recipients (42.9%) farrowed an average of 5.4 +/- 0.8 piglets (range 3-9) of which 0.6 +/- 0.3 piglets (range 0-2) were born dead. In conclusion, this study shows that it is possible to obtain birth of piglets following non-surgical deep intrauterine embryo transfer (ET) of vitrified/warmed blastocysts. Non-surgical deep intrauterine ET and OPS vitrification methods are promising procedures to be used together for the introduction of new genetic material in a farm. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.