Canadian experience in sacral neuromodulation

Sacral nerve modulation has become an established modality for treatment of voiding dysfunction. This article presents a review of the use of sacral neuromodulation as a treatment option in patients with voiding dysfunction. The first part discusses the different aspects of neuromodulation. The second part presents experience in neuromodulation use in Canada, including a review of the results of basic research done at University of Toronto, in addition to the long-term results in patients with sacral neuromodulation.