Journal
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 95-102Publisher
AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-18-0095
Keywords
RPM1; Pseudomonas syringae
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [P18600] Funding Source: Medline
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [P18600] Funding Source: researchfish
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Plant disease resistance (R) proteins of the nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat class are responsible for pathogen recognition and activation of defense signaling networks leading to the hypersensitive response (HR). Genetically, R-protein signaling appears to be integrated through a limited set of common downstream components. However, the timing of development of visible HR is unique to individual R proteins. By utilizing the phenomena of ulltraweak photon emission from leaves undergoing an incompatible interacttion, a powerful nondestructive and facile assay is described to compare timing of defense responses elicited by different R proteins. We demonstrate that ultraweak photon emission, or biophoton generation, is demonstrated to be associated with hypersensitive cell death. Biophoton emission requires an intact R signaling network and increases in cytosolic calcium and nitric oxide, but elevated reactive oxygen species are not necessary. Importantly, the assay is robust and applicable to a range of incompatible interactions in various plant species. The ability to assay R responses nondestructively in real time and a chosen genetic background makes this technique amenable to subtle genetic dissection of plant defense responses.
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