Journal
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
Volume 116, Issue 4, Pages 1801-1811Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-014-8333-3
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Funding
- USM short term Grant [304/PBAHAN/60311011]
- USM RU-PRGS Grant project [1001/PBAHAN/8036009]
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In situ Fe doping of ZnO nanorods (NRs) was performed using aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AA-CVD) technique. As the aerosol generator is located outside the reactor, AA-CVD provides the flexibility to control doping parameters, such as doping timing, doping duration and a wider choice of dopant precursors. The Fe dopant aerosol was flowed into the reactor during the growth of ZnO NRs to achieve in situ doping. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the Fe dopants were introduced into the ZnO lattice and present mainly in the form of Fe2+. This result is supported by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis as the doublet separation is 13.6 eV, although there is a shift of Fe-1/2 and Fe-3/2 peaks to a lower binding energy levels. A strong green emission of PL of Fe-doped ZnO NRs shows that the NRs have poor crystal quality attributed to the Fe-induced defects (recombination centres). The poor photocatalytic performance in degrading Rhodamine B solution of Fe-doped ZnO NRs further proves that the Fe-induced defects were recombination centres rather than traps. Lastly, the growth mechanism of in situ Fe doping of ZnO NRs was discussed.
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