Femtosecond laser interactions with dielectric materials: insights of a detailed modeling of electronic excitation and relaxation processes

Electronic excitation-relaxation processes induced by ultra-short laser pulses are studied numerically for dielectric targets. A detailed kinetic approach is used in the calculations accounting for the absence of equilibrium in the electronic subsystem. Such processes as electron-photon-phonon, electron-phonon and electron-electron scatterings are considered in the model. In addition, both laser field ionization ranging from multi-photon to tunneling one, and electron impact (avalanche) ionization processes are included in the model. The calculation results provide electron energy distribution. Based on the time-evolution of the energy distribution function, we estimate the electron thermalization time as a function of laser parameters. The effect of the density of conduction band electrons on this time is examined. By using the average electron energy, a new criterion is proposed based on determined damage threshold in agreement with recent experiments (Sanner et al. in Appl. Phys. Lett. 96: 071111, 2010).