Patient-related barriers to pain management: The Icelandic Barriers Questionnaire II

The Barriers Questionnaire-II (BQ-II) is used to evaluate eight attitudinal barriers to cancer pain management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Icelandic BQ-II (IBQ-II). Icelandic adults (n = 244) completed the IBQ-II, the Brief-Pain-Inventory, and demographic questions. Ha ( the responders were male (52 %), and 42.8 % had pain on the day of data collection. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 34.73 (11.78) years and education of 15.08 (3.69) years. Factor analysis of the IBQ-II supported three factors. The alpha was 0.90. The mean (SD) IBQ-II total score was 2.32 (0.78), on a scale of 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger barriers. IBQ-II total scores were inversely related to education (r = - 0.21; P < 0.01), and positively related to least pain (r = 0.24; P < 0.05), average pain (r = 0.23; P < 0.05), and pain interference with life activities (r = 0.22; P < 0.05) for those who had pain. There is support for reliability, validity, and feasibility of the IBQ-II. (c) 2005 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.