2002 Kuiper prize lecture:: Dust astronomy

Dust particles, like photons, carry information from remote sites in space and time. From knowledge of the dust particles ' birthplace and their bulk properties, we can learn about the remote environment Out of which the particles were formed. This approach is called Dust Astronomy which is carried out by means of a dust telescope on a Dust Observatory in space. Targets for a dust telescope are the local interstellar medium and nearby star forming regions, as well as comets and asteroids. Dust from interstellar and interplanetary sources is distinguished by accurately sensing their trajectories. Trajectory sensors may use the electric charge signals that are induced when charged grains fly through the detector. Modern in-situ dust impact detectors are capable of providing mass, speed, physical and chemical information of dust grains in space. A Dust Observatory mission is feasible with state-of-the-art technology. It will (1) provide the distinction between interstellar dust and interplanetary dust of cometary and asteroidal origin, (2) determine the elemental composition of impacting dust particles, and (3) monitor the fluxes of various dust components as a function of direction and particle masses. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.