Journal
GLIA
Volume 49, Issue 4, Pages 511-519Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/glia.20138
Keywords
ABC1 transporter; P2X(7); receptor; IL-1 beta; Schwann cells; ATP; cytokines; LPS
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Schwann cells are best known as myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, but they also participate actively in the sphere of immunity by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). In a previous study, we demonstrated that posttranslational processing of IL-1beta by immune-challenged Schwann cells required the P2X(7) receptor. Remarkably, the release of IL-1beta was not associated with cell death, indicating the involvement of an active mechanism. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are known to transport leaderless secretory proteins, such as IL-1beta; therefore, we investigated whether such transporters were at work in Schwann cells. Mouse Schwann cells expressed ABC1 transporter mRNA and displayed the functional protein. Glybenclamide and diisothiocyanato-stilbene-disulfonic acid (DIDS), two blockers of chloride fluxes that drive the export activity of ABC1 transporters, inhibited IL-1beta release without altering its intracellular processing. Enhancing chloride efflux potentiated the release of IL-1beta, while decreasing it led to a strong reduction in its release. Because the stimulation of the P2X(7) receptor also activates a chloride conductance, we investigated the possibility of a sole anionic pathway mobilized by the P2X(7) receptor and ABC1. Glybenclamide and DIDS had no significant effects on the P2X(7)-activated chloride current suggesting therefore the existence of two different pathways. In summary, ABC1 transporters are required for the release of IL-1beta by mouse Schwann cells. Being associated together with chloride conductance, P2X(7) receptors and ABC1 transporters delineate a subtle and complex regulation of IL-1beta production in mammalian Schwann cells. Furthermore, ABC1 transporters could be a target of therapeutic interest for regulating IL-1beta activity in neuroinflammation disorders. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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