Journal
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages 313-320Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nbt1074
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R33 CA091807, P50 CA86355, 1-N01-CO027105, R33 CA91807, P50 CA086355, R24 CA092782, P01 CA69246, R24 CA92782] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI054904] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000750, R01EB000750-1] Funding Source: Medline
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Optical imaging of live animals has grown into an important tool in biomedical research as advances in photonic technology and reporter strategies have led to widespread exploration of biological processes in vivo. Although much attention has been paid to microscopy, macroscopic imaging has allowed small-animal imaging with larger fields of view (from several millimeters to several centimeters depending on implementation). Photographic methods have been the mainstay for fluorescence and bioluminescence macroscopy in whole animals, but emphasis is shifting to photonic methods that use tomographic principles to noninvasively image optical contrast at depths of several millimeters to centimeters with high sensitivity and sub-millimeter to millimeter resolution. Recent theoretical and instrumentation advances allow the use of large data sets and multiple projections and offer practical systems for quantitative, three-dimensional whole-body images. For photonic imaging to fully realize its potential, however, further progress will be needed in refining optical inversion methods and data acquisition techniques.
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