The renin-angiotensin system: peptides and enzymes beyond angiotensin II

Purpose of review Although current pharmacotherapy for cardiovascular disease focuses on the inhibition of angiotensin II production and action, several other biologically active peptides are produced by the renin-angiotensin system. Recent findings Recent biochemical and physiological studies have shown that non-angiotensin II peptides, including angiotensins III, IV and 1-7, modulate blood pressure or cardiac function through novel mechanisms. Animal models support the notion that these peptides are physiologically important. Summary Although the role of these peptides has not yet resulted in the development of new therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, they hold promise for identification of complimentary targets.