Journal
BIOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 78-81Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0233
Keywords
maternal hormones; androgens; testosterone; maternal effects; immune function; growth
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Avian eggs contain substantial amounts of maternal androgens, and several studies have indicated that these are beneficial for the chick. Nevertheless, there is a large and systematic variation in maternal hormone concentrations both within and between clutches. If maternal androgens also involve costs, this might explain why not all mothers put high levels of androgens in their clutches. However, the, simultaneous occurrence of both benefits and costs has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. We show experimentally that yolk androgens suppress immune function and simultaneously stimulate growth in black-headed gull chicks. Thus, mothers face a trade-off between these costs and benefits and may tune hormone deposition to prevailing conditions that influence chick survival.
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