Journal
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 97, Issue 7, Pages 2961-2970Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4184-z
Keywords
3,6-Anhydro-L-galactose; Agar; Red macroalgae; Skin whitening; Anti-inflammation
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Funding
- National Research Foundation (NRF) [2011-0015629]
- Korean Government (MEST)
- Korea University Grant
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2011-0015629] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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3,6-Anhydro-l-galactose (L-AHG) constitutes 50 % of agarose, which is the main component of red macroalgae. No information is currently available on the mass production, metabolic fate, or physiological effects of L-AHG. Here, agarose was converted to L-AHG in the following three steps: pre-hydrolysis of agarose into agaro-oligosaccharides by using acetic acid, hydrolysis of the agaro-oligosaccharides into neoagarobiose by an exo-agarase, and hydrolysis of neoagarobiose into L-AHG and galactose by a neoagarobiose hydrolase. After these three steps, L-AHG was purified by adsorption and gel permeation chromatographies. The final product obtained was 95.6 % pure L-AHG at a final yield of 4.0 % based on the initial agarose. In a cell proliferation assay, L-AHG at a concentration of 100 or 200 mu g/ mL did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity. In a skin whitening assay, 100 mu g/ mL of L-AHG showed significantly lower melanin production compared to arbutin. L-AHG at 100 and 200 mu g/ mL showed strong anti-inflammatory activity, indicating the significant suppression of nitrite production. This is the first report on the production of high-purity L-AHG and its physiological activities.
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