The two-step biotransformation of monosodium glutamate to GABA by Lactobacillus brevis growing and resting cells

Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a natural functional amino acid. In the current study, Lactobacillus brevis TCCC13007, a high GABA-producing strain, was isolated from naturally pickled Chinese vegetables. A two-step cellular bioconversion process was established using L. brevis TCCC13007 for the production of GABA. First, L. brevis cells were grown anaerobically in 7% monosodium glutamate (MSG)-containing medium at an initial pH of 6.0 and a controlled pH of 4.6 for 16 to 66 h; approximately 38 g L-1 of GABA was obtained after 66 h of fermentation at a conversion rate of 98.6%. In the second stage of the process, about 7.6 g L-1 of GABA was produced three more times at a conversion rate of 92.2% using the same batch of resting cells in the substrate-containing buffer under optimized conditions. Thus, the total GABA yield reached 61 g L-1. A model system for the biotransformation of MSG to GABA was established using L. brevis TCCC13007 resting cells. The reaction rates were found to follow the classic Michaelis-Menten equation at low substrate concentrations (< 80 mM). Kinetic analysis of the biotransformation revealed that L. brevis TCCC13007 resting cells produced GABA similar to that produced by purified glutamate decarboxylase from L. brevis.