Nanohole-templated organic light-emitting diodes fabricated using laser-interfering lithography: moth-eye lighting

We describe the architecture, fabrication, and electro-optical characteristics of a two-dimensional (2D), periodic, highly ordered array of subwavelength scale organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A 2D nanohole array template was introduced onto a patterned ITO glass substrate by two- step irradiated hologram lithography and reactive ion etching, and then a 2D nanohole OLED array was prepared by following typical OLED fabrication procedures. Our analysis of the electro-optical characteristics of this device showed that shrinking the OLEDs to sub-wavelength scale has only a minimal effect on their optical properties. We also used the Bragg scattering effect to confirm the compounding of the millions of similar to 220 nm OLED light sources to form 2D periodic nanohole emission by comparing the angular dependence of the emission spectrum of the OLED array with that of a conventional OLED. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America.