Journal
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 89, Issue 1, Pages 17-25Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2873-z
Keywords
Ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway; Glyoxylate cycle; Claisen condensation; Thioesterase; Crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase; 2-Methylfumaryl-CoA
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [AL677/1-1]
- Evonik-Degussa GmbH
- National Science Foundation [MCB0842892]
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The ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway is central to the carbon metabolism of many alpha-proteobacteria, like Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Methylobacterium extorquens as well as actinomycetes, like Streptomyces spp. Its function is to convert acetyl-CoA, a central carbon intermediate, to other precursor metabolites for cell carbon biosynthesis. In contrast to the glyoxylate cycle-another widely distributed acetyl-CoA assimilation strategy-the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway contains many unique CoA-ester intermediates, such as (2R)- and (2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA, (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA, mesaconyl-(C1)-CoA, and (2R, 3S)-methylmalyl-CoA. With this come novel catalysts that interconvert these compounds. Among these unique enzymes is a novel carboxylase that reductively carboxylates crotonyl-CoA, crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase, and (3S)-malyl-CoA thioesterase. The latter represents the first example of a non-Claisen condensation enzyme of the malate synthase superfamily and defines a new class of thioesterases apart from the hotdog-fold and alpha/beta-fold thioesterases. The biotechnological implications of the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway are tremendous as one looks to tap into the potential of using these new intermediates and catalysts to produce value-added products.
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