Journal
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 81, Issue 2, Pages 359-369Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1651-7
Keywords
Xanthomonas oryzae; Hpa1; Hypersensitive reaction; Induced resistance; N-terminal alpha-helix
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Funding
- National Key Basic Research Plan of China [2003CB114200, 2006CB101902]
- National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA02Z180]
- National Key project of China [2004BA901A36]
- Key Project of Science and Technology of Jiangsu [BE-2005-604]
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Harpins encoded by many gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterial hrp genes induce hypersensitive response (HR) and associated defense responses on nonhost plants. Hpa1(Xoo) and Hpa1(Xoc), two harpin proteins from Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars, induce HR when infiltrated into tobacco leaves. N- and C-terminal mutations of Hpa1(Xoo) and Hpa1(Xoc), respectively, were tested for their ability to elicit HR on tobacco. Deletion of codons for 12 highly hydrophilic amino acids (H2N-QGISEKQLDQLL-COOH) that partially overlap the N-terminal alpha-helical regions of respective proteins was found to be critical for the elicitation of HR in tobacco. Furthermore, two single missense mutants Hpa1(Xoo) (L51P) and Hpa1(Xoc) (L53P) that are predicted to destroy the coiled-coil integrity and inhibit the dimer formation eliminated HR elicitation activity in tobacco. However, both wild-type proteins and derivative mutants retained the ability to induce systemic acquired resistance in tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus. Accumulations of npr1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related protein 1), hsr515 (hypersensitivity-related protein 515), and pr2 (pathogenesis-related protein 2) transcripts were found in tobacco plants infiltrated with wild-type or mutated proteins.
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