Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 511, Issue 2-3, Pages 151-158Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.02.001
Keywords
memory improvement; brain energy metabolism; habituation; recognition memory; mitochondrial respiration; (Rat)
Categories
Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [T32 MH65728] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS37755] Funding Source: Medline
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Methylene blue administered post-training improves memory retention in avoidance and appetitive tasks, and restores spatial memory impaired by an inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase. Methylene blue may improve memory retention by increasing brain oxygen utilization. We investigated which doses improve memory without nonspecific behavioral effects, and whether methylene blue enhances brain oxygen consumption. Different doses were evaluated 24 h after administration in wheel running, feeding, open field habituation and object recognition tests. The 1-10 mg/kg methylene blue-treated rats were not different from saline-treated rats in locomotion or feeding behavior. The 50-100 mg/kg doses decreased running wheel behavior. The 4 mg/kg dose improved behavioral habituation and object memory recognition. Dose-dependent effects of methylene blue on brain oxygen consumption revealed that low concentrations increased brain oxygen consumption in vitro and 24 h after in vivo administration. Therefore, methylene blue doses that increase brain oxygen consumption also facilitate memory retention. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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