Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 288, Issue 4, Pages H2006-H2013Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01007.2004
Keywords
albumin; alpha-lactalbumin; protein flux; porcine; heart; microvascular exchange; arteriole; venule; transvascular flux; male; female
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL036088, T32 HL007094, P01 HL052490, T32 HL007094-30, R01 HL 36088, R37 HL042528-15, R01 HL 34872, R3L HL 42528, P01 HL 52490, T32 HL 07094] Funding Source: Medline
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Gender influences volume regulation via several mechanisms; whether these include microvascular exchange, especially in the heart, is not known. In response to adenosine ( Ado), permeability (Ps) to protein of coronary arterioles of female pigs decreases acutely. Whether Ado induces similar Ps changes in arterioles from males or whether equivalent responses occur in coronary venules of either sex has not been determined. Hypotheses that 1) basal Ps properties and 2) Ps responses to vasoactive stimuli are sex independent were evaluated from measures of Ps to two hydrophilic proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and porcine serum albumin (PSA), in arterioles and venules isolated from hearts of adult male and female pigs. Consistent with hypothesis 1, basal Ps values of both microvessel types were independent of sex. Contrary to hypothesis 2, Ps responses to Ado varied with sex, protein, and vessel type. Confirming earlier studies, Ado induced a similar to 20% decrease in Ps to both proteins in coronary arterioles from females. In arterioles from males, Ado did not change Ps for alpha-lactalbumin (P-s(alpha-lactalb), 3 +/- 13%), whereas Ps for PSA (P-s(PSA)) decreased by 27 +/- 8% (P < 0.005). In venules from females, Ado elevated P-s(PSA) by 44 +/- 20% (P < 0.05), whereas in those from males, Ado reduced P-s(PSA) by 24 +/- 5% (P < 0.05). The variety of outcomes is consistent with transvascular protein and protein-carried solute flux being regulated by multiple sex-dependent mechanisms in the heart and provides evidence of differences in exchange homeostasis of males and females in health and, likely, disease.
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