Journal
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 384-394Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401569
Keywords
necrosis; apoptosis; protein transduction domain; carbon tetrachloride; HepG2; liver; Bcl-x(L); protein therapeutics
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Protection of cells from necrosis would be important for many medical applications. Here, we show protein transduction domain (PTD)-FNK therapeutics based on protein transduction to prevent necrosis and acute hepatic injury with zonal death induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). PTD-FNK is a fusion protein comprising the HIV/Tat PTD and FNK, a gain-of-function mutant of anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L). PTD-FNK protected hepatoma HepG2 from necrotic death induced by CCl4, and additionally, increased the apoptotic population among cells treated with CCl4. A concomitant treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone), which alone could not prevent the necrosis, protected these cells from the apoptosis. When preinjected intraperitoneally, PTD-FNK markedly reduced zonal liver necrosis caused by CCl4. Moreover, injection of PTDFNK accompanied by Z-VAD-FMK suppressed necrotic injury even after CCl4 administration. These results suggest that PTD- FNK has great potential for clinical applications to prevent cell death, whether from apoptosis or necrosis, and organ failure.
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