Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
Volume 166, Issue 4, Pages 1163-1172Publisher
AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62336-X
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Funding
- NIA NIH HHS [P50 AG005136, P50 AG005144, AG24011, R01 AG024011] Funding Source: Medline
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Experimental therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are focused on enhanced clearance of neurotoxic A beta peptides from brain. Microglia can be neuroprotective by phagocytosing A beta; however, this comes at the cost of activated innate immunity that causes paracrine damage to neurons. Here, we show that ablation of E prostanoid receptor subtype 2 (EP2) significantly increased microglial-mediated clearance of A beta peptides from AD brain sections and enhanced microglial A beta phagocytosis in cell. culture. The enhanced phagocytosis was PKC-dependent and was associated with elevated microglial secretion of the chemoattractant chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1. This suggested that microglial activation is negatively regulated by EP2 signaling through suppression of prophagocytic cytokine secretion. However, despite this enhancement of A beta phagocytosis, lack of EP2 completely suppressed A beta-activated microglia-mediated paracrine neurotoxicity. These data demonstrate that blockade of microglial EP2 is a highly desirable mechanism for AD therapy that can maximize neuroprotective actions while minimizing bystander damage to neurons.
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