Journal
CURRENT BIOLOGY
Volume 15, Issue 7, Pages 656-660Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.02.049
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [CA82834] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [1 F32 GM64233, GM40922] Funding Source: Medline
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Distinct patterns of posttranslational histone modifications can regulate DNA-templated events such as mitosis, transcription, replication, apoptosis, and DNA damage [1-5], suggesting the presence of a histone code in these nuclear processes [6, 7]. Phosphorylation of histone H2A S129 at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) has been implicated in damage repair in yeast [8, 9]. Here, we describe another phosphorylation event on serine 1 (S1) of histone H4; this event is also associated with MMS- or phleomycin-induced DSBs but not with UV-induced DNA damage. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (Chip) studies of an HO-endonuclease-inducible strain show that S1 phosphorylation is specifically enhanced 20- to 25-fold in nucleosomes proximal to the DSB. In addition, we show that casein kinase II (CK2) can phosphorylate H4 S1 in vitro and that null or temperature-sensitive CK2 yeast mutants are defective for induction of H4 S1 phosphorylation upon DNA damage in vivo. Furthermore, H4 S1 phosphorylation and CK2 play a role in DSB re-joining as indicated by a nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) plasmid assay. CK2 has been implicated in regulating a DNA-damage response; our data suggest that histone H4 S1 is one of its physiological substrates. These data suggest that this modification is a part of the DNA-repair histone code.
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