Successful outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a renal transplant patient

We report the case of a 47-year-old man who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) after receiving immuno-suppressive therapy for renal transplantation. The patient presented with a focal seizure and cognitive changes 5 months post-transplantation. He was found to have enhancing lesions in the parietal lobe and typical findings of PML in a brain biopsy. Immunosuppression was discontinued and the neurological symptoms gradually resolved over a period of 4 weeks. The patient is free of any neurological symptoms 36 months after the diagnosis of PML and imaging studies demonstrate resolution of the PML lesions. The patient returned to hemodialysis 3 months after immunosuppression was discontinued. We also present a review of the literature on PML in renal transplant recipients.