Journal
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 60, Issue 5, Pages 431-435Publisher
MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA
DOI: 10.1007/s10809-005-0114-x
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The states of oxidation of molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, and tantalum in thin oxide films of variable composition were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the metals occurred in different states of oxidation in thin oxide films prepared by the irradiation of metal surfaces with low-energy oxygen ions under high-vacuum conditions. The concentrations of metals in different states of oxidation essentially depend on the radiation dose and the reactivity of metals.
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