The aminosteroid phospholipase C antagonist U-73122 (1-[6-[[17-β-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) potently inhibits human 5-lipoxygenase in vivo and in vitro

U-73122 (1-[6-[[17-beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) is a widely used antagonist of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C ( PLC) and is frequently used to define a role of PLC in receptor-mediated elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i)). In human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), U-73122 inhibited increases in [Ca2+] i induced by G protein-coupled receptor ( GPCR) agonists (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or platelet-activating factor; IC50 of approximate to 2 to 4 mu M), but it failed to suppress responses induced by ionomycin or thapsigargin. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a Ca2+-regulated enzyme that can be activated in leukocytes by stimuli that elevate [Ca2+] i. Attempts to investigate the involvement of PLC in cellular 5-LO activation revealed that U-73122 suppresses 5-LO product synthesis regardless of the stimulus and independently of Ca2+. Thus, U-73122 blocked 5-LO product synthesis induced by cell stress, involving 5-LO phosphorylation pathways in the absence of Ca2+ with an IC50 of approximate to 2 mu M. Direct inhibition of 5-LO by U-73122 was evident in PMNL homogenates (IC50 of approximate to 2.4 mu M), and isolated human recombinant 5-LO enzyme was potently inhibited by U-73122 (IC50 of approximate to 30 nM). Thiols ( glutathione) strongly blunted the effect of U-73122 on isolated 5-LO. On the other hand, depletion of cellular thiols by N-ethylmaleimide strongly increased the efficacy of U-73122 to inhibit 5-LO in intact cells or corresponding homogenates, suggesting that U-73122 may interfere with sulfhydryl groups on 5-LO. Since 5-LO products induce increases in [Ca2+](i) via GPCRs, caution should be used when interpreting data where U- 73122 is used as tool to determine a direct role of PLC in receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization.