Spatial organization and diet of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in north-central Thailand

The leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis is a relatively common, small felid ranging throughout Asia. During the past 15 years the natural history of leopard cats has been the topic of five studies; however, the mean sample size of study animals has been low (x = 6.8, range 4-10). We report on the most comprehensive study of leopard cats to date. Between June 1999 and February 2003, 20 leopard cats (14 males and six females) were radio-collared and tracked from 3 to 20 months in Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Spatial organization of the leopard cats was characterized as weakly territorial with similar intrasexual range sizes and minimal seasonal variation. Mean (+/- SD) annual home-range (95% minimum convex polygon) size for males was 12.4 km(2) (n = 1211 locations, +/- 7.1, range 2.2-28.9), whereas females exhibited a mean home-range size of 14 km(2) (n = 470, 12.2, range 4.4-37.1). Core area (50% minimum convex polygon) averaged 2.0 km(2), and the mean 1-day movement was 1298 m (+/- 981, range 35-8653). Habitat use was generally in proportion to occurrence, and the mean activity (52%) was arrhythmic with crepuscular and nocturnal peaks. Analysis of scats indicated that murids dominated leopard cat diet.