Molecular mechanisms of TNF-α-induced apoptosis in aging human T cell subsets

TNF-alpha, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, exerts its biological activity by signaling via its two receptors, TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 and by activating NF-kappa B. NF-kappa B is essential for survival of many cell types; however, TNF-alpha also induces cell death. During human aging TNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis are increased. In this brief review, we will discuss the TNF-alpha-mediated signaling and various molecular mechanisms underlying increased apoptosis in T cell subsets in aged humans with a special reference to alterations in transcription factor NF-kappa B and Fas-associated death domain (FADD). (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.