Journal
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
Volume 19, Issue 9, Pages 1022-1027Publisher
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/gad.1306605
Keywords
neural induction; Smad1; MAPK; FGF; IGF; BMP
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [R37 HD 21502-19, R37 HD021502, R37 HD021502-19] Funding Source: Medline
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Xenopus embryonic ectodermal cells dissociated for three or more hours differentiate into neural tissue instead of adopting their normal epidermal fate. This default type of neural induction occurs in the absence of Spemann's organizer signals and is thought to be caused by the dilution of endogenous BMPs into the culture medium. Unexpectedly, we observed that BMP ligands continue to signal in dissociated cells. Instead, cell dissociation induces a sustained activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway, which causes the phosphorylation of Smad1 at sites that inhibit the activity of this transcription factor. It is this activation of Ras/MAPK that is required for neuralization in dissociated ectoderm.
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